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Varón de 78 años, con antecedentes de hipertensión arterial, tromboembolia pulmonar, fibrilación auricular y cáncer de próstata. Se valoró por disnea y se detectó estenosis aórtica grave (gradiente medio 49 mmHg y área de 0,7 cm2), hipertrofia ventricular grave y función conservada. El equipo multidisciplinario decidió realizar un implante percutáneo de válvula aórtica (TAVI). La tomografía computarizada mostró un anillo escasamente calcificado, con mayor distribución del calcio en las comisuras de los velos y un perímetro de 73,5 mm (figura 1). Figura 1. Se optó por implantar ALLEGRA 23 mm (New-Valve-Technology, Suiza), una prótesis autoexpandible, supraanular, recapturable no reposicionable. Se predilató con balón de 20 mm y se implantó, sufriendo pop-up y migración distal hacia el tracto de salida a pesar de la estimulación (figura 2A,B). Lo mismo ocurrió con una ALLEGRA 27 mm. Ante esta situación se decidió utilizar una CoreValve Evolut PRO+ 29 mm (Medtronic, Estados Unidos), por ser reposicionable, con igual comportamiento incluso con estimulación (figura 2C,D). Figura 2. El paciente se inestabilizó por insuficiencia aórtica grave secundaria a los implantes fallidos (vídeo 1 del material adicional). Considerando la distribución del calcio, se empleó una ACURATE-neo2 L (Boston Scientific, Estados Unidos), que es reposicionable, pero no recapturable, con arcos...

A 78-year-old man with a past medical history of hypertension, pulmonary thromboembolism, atrial fibrillation, and prostate cancer presented with dyspnea. The patient was diagnosed with severe aortic stenosis (mean gradient, 49 mmHg; area of 0.7 cm2), and severe ventricular hypertrophy. Heart function was preserved. The heart team decided to perform transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Computed tomography revealed the presence of a scarcely calcified annulus with greater calcium distribution at the level of leaflet commissures and a 73.5-mm perimeter (figure 1). Figure 1. We decided to implant a 23-mm self-expandable, supra-annular, fully recapturable, and nonrepositionable ALLEGRA valve (New-Valve-Technology, Switzerland). The valve was predilated using a 20-mm balloon but showed pop-up and distal migration towards the outflow tract despite pacing (figure 2A,B). The same complication occurred with a 27-mm ALLEGRA device. We then attempted to use a 29-mm CoreValve Evolut PRO+ valve (Medtronic, United States), because this device is fully repositionable, but the same complication recurred even with pacing (figure 2C,D). Figure 2. Due to severe aortic regurgitation after the failed implantations, the patient became unstable (video 1 of the supplementary data). Considering the calcium distribution, we used the repositionable but not recapturable ACCURATE neo2 L valve (Boston Scientific, United States), which is equipped with...

RESUMEN Introducción y objetivos: Las diferencias geográficas y organizativas entre distintas comunidades autónomas (CCAA) pueden generar diferencias en la atención al infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST (IAMCEST). Se han comparado 17 programas de Código Infarto en términos de incidencia, características clínicas, tratamiento de reperfusión, retraso hasta la reperfusión y mortalidad a 30 días. Métodos: Estudio observacional prospectivo nacional (83 centros en 17 redes de infarto). El periodo de selección fue de 3 meses (1 de abril a 30 de junio de 2019), con seguimiento clínico a 30 días. Resultados: Se incluyeron 4.366 pacientes con IAMCEST. La tasa de incidencia fue variable entre las CCAA (p < 0,0001), igual que el sexo (p = 0,003) y la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular (p < 0,0001). El tratamiento de reperfusión fue angioplastia primaria (rango 77,5-97,8%), fibrinolisis (rango 0- 12,9%) o ninguno (rango 2,2-13,5%). El análisis del retraso hasta la reperfusión mostró diferencias significativas (p < 0,001) para todos los intervalos analizados. Hubo diferencias significativas en la mortalidad cruda a 30 días que desaparecieron tras ajustar por las características clínicas y dependientes de la red asistencial (primer contacto, tiempo hasta la reperfusión y abordaje de críticos). Conclusiones: Se han detectado diferencias en la atención al IAMCEST entre las distintas CCAA, en términos de incidencia, características clínicas, tratamiento de reperfusión, retraso hasta la reperfusión y mortalidad a 30 días. Las diferencias en mortalidad desaparecen tras ajustar por las características del paciente y de la red asistencial.

ABSTRACT Introduction and objectives: Geographical and organizational differences between different autonomous communities (AC) can generate differences in care for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). A total of 17 heart attack code programs have been compared in terms of incidence rate, clinical characteristics, reperfusion therapy, delay to reperfusion, and 30-day mortality. Methods: National prospective observational study (83 centers included in 17 infarction networks). The recruitment period was 3 months (April 1 to June 30, 2019) with clinical follow-up at 30 days. Results: 4366 patients with STEMI were included. The incidence rate was variable between different AC (P < .0001), as was gender (P = .003) and the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (P < .0001). Reperfusion treatment was primary angioplasty (range 77.5%-97.8%), fibrinolysis (range 0%-12.9%) or no treatment (range 2.2%- 13.5%). The analysis of the delay to reperfusion showed significant differences (P < .001) for all the intervals analyzed. There were significant differences in 30-days mortality that disappeared after adjusting for clinical and healthcare network characteristics. Conclusions: Large differences in STEMI care have been detected between the different AC, in terms of incidence rate, clinical characteristics, reperfusion treatment, delay until reperfusion, and 30-day mortality. The differences in mortality disappeared after adjusting for the characteristics of the patient and the care network.

RESUMEN La calcificación coronaria es probablemente el mayor determinante de un mal resultado de la angioplastia y se asocia a mayores tasas de eventos adversos. En la actualidad existen distintas técnicas de modificación de la placa basadas en balones o en dispositivos específicos. El conocimiento de sus características y su uso adecuado son aspectos clave para el tratamiento óptimo de las lesiones calcificadas. Este artículo de posicionamiento, promovido desde la Asociación de Cardiología Intervencionista de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología (ACI-SEC), describe las técnicas de modificación de la placa existentes en la actualidad y propone un algoritmo para el tratamiento de la lesión calcificada.

ABSTRACT Coronary artery calcification is probably the main determinant of the poor outcome of percutaneous coronary interventions and is associated with higher rates of adverse events. There are currently different balloon or specific device-based plaque modification techniques available. Knowing their characteristics and proper use is key for the optimal treatment of calcified lesions. This position paper—promoted by the Interventional Cardiology Association of the Spanish Society of Cardiology (ACI-SEC)—describes existing plaque modification techniques currently available and proposes an algorithm for the management of calcified lesions.

ABSTRACT Vascular access is an essential part of all interventional procedures whether coronary or structural. Over the last 15 to 20 years, in coronary interventions, traditional femoral access has been mostly replaced by the radial approach. Nonetheless, the femoral approach through both artery and vein is still the main approach for structural heart procedures. Over the last few years, femoral access has evolved from a puncture guided by anatomical references to more accurate ultrasound-guided approaches. The relatively recent introduction of interventions such as transcatheter aortic valve replacement has conditioned the use of large introducers and ultimately the need for specific hemostatic systems, above all, percutaneous closure devices. This manuscript reviews different anatomical concepts, puncture techniques, diagnostic assessments, and closure strategies of the main arterial and venous approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of different structural heart procedures.

RESUMEN El acceso vascular es una parte esencial de cualquier procedimiento intervencionista coronario o estructural. En procedimientos coronarios, el acceso femoral tradicional prácticamente ha sido sustituido por el radial desde hace 15-20 años. No obstante, el acceso femoral, tanto arterial como venoso, sigue siendo la principal vía de abordaje para el intervencionismo estructural. El acceso femoral ha ido evolucionando con el paso del tiempo de una punción mediante referencias anatómicas a una punción mucho más precisa guiada por ecografía. La llegada de técnicas como el recambio valvular aórtico percutáneo ha condicionado el uso de introductores arteriales de gran tamaño y, por tanto, la necesidad de sistemas de control de la hemostasia, principalmente los sistemas percutáneos de cierre vascular. Este artículo revisa diversos conceptos anatómicos, técnicas de punción, evaluación diagnóstica y estrategias de cierre de las principales vías de acceso arterial y venoso utilizadas en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de diferentes patologías estructurales.

Sr. Editor: El acceso transradial se ha generalizado en el intervencionismo coronario percutáneo (ICP), aunque el tratamiento percutáneo de oclusiones totales crónicas (OTC) sigue realizándose predominantemente por vía transfemoral. Presentamos un estudio en el que evaluamos la eficacia y la seguridad de una estrategia de acceso transradial en el ICP sobre OTC, y su impacto en la estancia hospitalaria. Se incluyeron 237 pacientes consecutivos sometidos a ICP de OTC en un registro unicéntrico que comparó los resultados de 2 estrategias de acceso vascular empleadas en 2 periodos de tiempo consecutivos: transfemoral entre mayo de 2013 y octubre de 2018 y transradial a partir de noviembre de 2018. Fueron excluidos del análisis 40 pacientes de la estrategia transfemoral tratados por vía transradial y 9 de la estrategia transradial tratados por vía transfemoral o mixta radial-femoral (figura 1). El Comité Ético de Investigación Clínica del Hospital Universitario de Salamanca aprobó el protocolo del estudio y se obtuvo el consentimiento de todos los pacientes. Figura 1. Diagrama de flujo de los...

To the Editor, Transradial access has been popularized in percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). However, the percutaneous management of chronic total coronary occlusions (CTO) is still predominantly via transfemoral access. This study assessed the efficacy and safety profile of a transradial access strategy in a PCI on a CTO and its impact on hospital stay. A total of 237 consecutive patients treated with PCI on their CTO were included in a single-center registry that compared the results of 2 vascular access strategies used over 2 consecutive periods of time: transfemoral between May 2013 and October 2018, and transradial from November 2018. A total of 40 patients were excluded from the analysis of the transfemoral strategy via transradial access and 9 were excluded from the transradial strategy via transfemoral or mixed radial-femoral access (figure 1). The Hospital Universitario de Salamanca clinical research ethics committee approved the study protocol and obtained the patients’ informed consent. Figure 1. Flow chart of the patients included in the study. ACS, acute coronary syndrome; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention. The patients who not have any PCI related complications remained in observation at the cardiology day hospital for, at least, 6 to 8 hours. Those who remained asymptomatic and without alterations on their...

RESUMEN Introducción y objetivos: La epidemia de COVID-19 y la declaración del estado de alarma han propiciado una disminución en la actividad en la cardiología intervencionista. El objetivo de este estudio es cuantificar esta disminución, con especial interés en el funcionamiento del código infarto. Métodos: Se realizó una encuesta telemática a 81 centros de las 17 comunidades autónomas españolas con procedimientos de código infarto. Se recogió información sobre la actividad diagnóstica, el intervencionismo coronario, el intervencionismo estructural y el intervencionismo en el seno del infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST (IAMCEST) sobre cambios en la organización de las redes del infarto y sobre la afección por COVID-19 de las plantillas de cardiología intervencionista. Se compararon 2 periodos: uno entre el 24 de febrero y el 1 de marzo (antes del inicio de la pandemia en España) y el otro entre el 16 y el 22 de marzo (durante la pandemia). Resultados: Se obtuvo respuesta de 73 centros (90%) que evidenció una disminución significativa en el número de procedimientos diagnósticos (─56%), terapéuticos coronarios (─48%), terapéuticos estructurales (─81%) y en el seno del IAMCEST (─40%). Se indicó un leve incremento en el uso de trombolisis. Se diagnosticó infección por COVID-19 en 17 cardiólogos intervencionistas (5%). Conclusiones: Se observó una reducción importante de la actividad asistencial durante la epidemia de COVID-19 y una gran disminución en el número de pacientes tratados con IAMCEST, con el riesgo de incremento de morbimortalidad que esto supone. Las sociedades científicas y autoridades sanitarias deberían promover que los pacientes con síntomas compatibles con IAMCEST demanden asistencia al sistema sanitario para poder recibir el tratamiento de reperfusión de forma adecuada.

ABSTRACT Introduction and objectives: The COVID-19 epidemic and the declaration of the state of alarm have led to a decrease in healthcare activity in interventional cardiology units. The objective of this study is to quantify these changes in activity, with special interest in the treatment of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: A telematic survey of 81 centers involved in STEMI networks in the 17 autonomous communities of Spain. Information was collected on diagnostic activity, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), structural interventions, and PCI in STEMI on changes in the organization of STEMI networks, and on the prevalence of COVID-19 among interventional cardiologists. Data was compared for the week of February 24 through March 1 (before the outbreak) and for the week of March 16 through March 22 (during the outbreak). Results: Response has been obtained from 73 centers (90%). A very significant decrease in the number of diagnostic procedures (─56%), PCI (─48%), structural interventions (─81%) and PCI in STEMI (─40%) has been observed. A slight increase in the use of pharmacological thrombolysis has been reported, although primary angioplasty remains the leading reperfusion strategy. Up to 5% of interventional cardiologists (17) had COVID-19. Conclusions: An important reduction in the activity in interventional cardiology has been observed during the COVID-19 epidemic. Likewise, a great decrease has been detected in the number of patients treated in the STEMI networks, with the risk of increased morbidity and mortality that this represents. Scientific societies and health authorities have to promote that patients presenting STEMI compatible symptoms proceed with no delay to access the health system to receive reperfusion treatment in an appropriate way.

RESUMEN Introducción y objetivos: Las redes regionales de atención al infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST presentan grandes diferencias en términos de organización que puede llegar a comprometer sus resultados. La Sección de Hemodinámica y Cardiología Intervencionista ha realizado una encuesta entre sus miembros sobre el grado de satisfacción y la situación de los programas de angioplastia primaria en España. Métodos: Se realizó una encuesta online, abierta y anónima, entre los miembros de la Sección de Hemodinámica y Cardiología Intervencionista entre los días 22 de mayo y 5 de junio de 2018, sobre las necesidades de los programas y el grado de satisfacción de los profesionales. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 172 respuestas de profesionales, con representación de 75 centros y 17 comunidades autónomas. El número de angioplastias en el infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST por año y por centro fue de 259 ± 110. El grado de satisfacción de los profesionales con la aplicación del Código Infarto, así como el grado de satisfacción personal, obtuvieron una puntuación de 7,2 ± 2,2 y 7,2 ± 2,4 puntos sobre 10, respectivamente, aunque con diferencias regionales significativas. Las principales áreas de preocupación detectadas fueron las limitaciones logísticas, la retribución insuficiente y la falta de descanso. Si fuera posible, un 55% estaría dispuesto a dejar las guardias. Conclusiones: La encuesta ha puesto de manifiesto un alto grado de valoración del sistema por parte de los profesionales, aunque con diferencias notables entre las comunidades autónomas, y ha permitido detectar disfunciones logísticas, estructurales y retributivas que pueden poner a los programas de angioplastia primaria en situación de vulnerabilidad.

ABSTRACT Introduction and objectives: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) regional networks pose great organizational differences that may compromise their results. The Working Group on Hemodynamics and Interventional Cardiology has carried out a survey among its members on the level of satisfaction and the state of primary angioplasty programs in Spain. Methods: On-line, open and anonymous survey, among the Hemodynamics and Interventional Cardiology Working Group members conducted between May 22 and June 5, 2018 on the necessities of the aforementioned programs and the degree of satisfaction of the professionals involved. Results: Answers were obtained from 172 professionals with representation from 75 centers and 17 autonomous communities. The number of angioplasties performed in the STEMI setting per year and per center was 259 ± 110. The degree of satisfaction of the professionals with the application of the Infarction Code and the degree of personal satisfaction scored 7.2 ± 2.2 and 7.2 ± 2.4 points out of 10, respectively, although with significant regional differences. The main areas of concern detected were logistics issues, insufficient paycheck compensations and lack of rest. The 55% were inclined to leave their on-call duties when possible. Conclusions: The survey has revealed a high degree of satisfaction by the professionals involved in STEMI treatment, although with notable differences among different autonomous communities and has allowed detecting logistical, structural and paycheck disturbances that can put primary angioplasty programs in situations of vulnerability.

Background: Paravalvular leak occurs in 5–17% of patients following surgical valve replacement, more often in mitral position. The prognosis without treatment is poor. Percutaneous device closure represents an alternative to repeat surgery. The objective of this work is to evaluate the medium and long-term results in the percutaneous closure of PVL in mitral prosthesis. Methods: This observational study is based on a retrospective registry including consecutive mitral PVL cases undergoing percutaneous closure at a single tertiary-care center from April 2010 to December 2020. The safety and efficacy results of the procedure, at 90 days and in the long term, were analyzed. Also, predictors of procedure failure and long-term events were identified. Results: A total of 128 consecutive mitral paravalvular leak closure procedures were included. Technical success was achieved in 115 (89.8%) procedures. The presence of multiple PVLs was the sole factor that independently predicted procedural failure. Median follow-up of our sample was 41.8 months (mean 47.7 ± 35.7 months). Underlying hemolytic anemia as the indication for PVL closure, a recent admission for decompensated HF, and lack of improvement in functional class emerged as consistent predictors of MACE and death during long-term follow-up, while lack of procedural success during the first PVL procedure and chronic kidney disease were also associated with MACE during follow-up. Conclusions: Percutaneous mitral PVL closure displayed high technical and procedural success rates, with an acceptable safety profile, in a high-risk population. Percutaneous mitral PVL closure achieved an improvement in short- and long-term functional class and a reduction of hemolysis in the vast majority of patients. In addition, long-term survival in our study was good, in particular for patients undergoing successful PVL closure procedures.

Background The determinants and consequences of pulmonary hypertension after successfully corrected valvular heart disease remain poorly understood. We aim to clarify the hemodynamic bases and risk factors for mortality in patients with this condition. Methods and Results We analyzed long‐term follow‐up data of 222 patients with pulmonary hypertension and valvular heart disease successfully corrected at least 1 year before enrollment who had undergone comprehensive hemodynamic and imaging characterization as per the SIOVAC (Sildenafil for Improving Outcomes After Valvular Correction) clinical trial. Median (interquartile range) mean pulmonary pressure was 37 mm Hg (32–44 mm Hg) and pulmonary artery wedge pressure was 23 mm Hg (18–26 mm Hg). Most patients were classified either as having combined precapillary and postcapillary or isolated postcapillary pulmonary hypertension. After a median follow‐up of 4.5 years, 91 deaths accounted for 4.21 higher‐than‐expected mortality in the age‐matched population. Risk factors for mortality were male sex, older age, diabetes mellitus, World Health Organization functional class III and higher pulmonary vascular resistance—either measured by catheterization or approximated from ultrasound data. Higher pulmonary vascular resistance was related to diabetes mellitus and smaller residual aortic and mitral valve areas. In turn, the latter correlated with prosthetic nominal size. Six‐month changes in the composite clinical score and in the 6‐minute walk test distance were related to survival. Conclusions Persistent valvular heart disease–pulmonary hypertension is an ominous disease that is almost universally associated with elevated pulmonary artery wedge pressure. Pulmonary vascular resistance is a major determinant of mortality in this condition and is related to diabetes mellitus and the residual effective area of the corrected valve. These findings have important implications for individualizing valve correction procedures. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT00862043.

ABSTRACT Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) is the best modality of reperfusion in ST segment elevation in acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). Its application requires networked assistance systems whose implementation requires significant organizational and logistical changes. In comparison with other scenarios of urgent action, a series of aspects are specific to the pPCI programs. They require immediate, clearly pre-established strategies, carried out by highly skilled professionals who attend to a high volume of highly complex patients. The lack of homogeneity in the creation and development of reperfusion programs in Spain has led to great differences in their implementation. If the pPCI programs are not carried out under adequate conditions, their sustainability can be complex. The present document, agreed between different scientific societies, aims to analyze the current situation in Spain of the network care programs for STEMI, identify their limitations and deficiencies, assess their vulnerability and establish a series of recommendations to ensure their sustainability.

RESUMEN El intervencionismo coronario percutáneo primario (ICPp) es la mejor forma de reperfusión en el infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST (IAMCEST). Su aplicación requiere sistemas asistenciales en red cuya implementación exige cambios organizativos y logísticos importantes. En comparación con otros escenarios de actuación urgente, una serie de aspectos son específicos de los programas de ICPp. Requieren de estrategias inmediatas claramente preestablecidas, realizadas por profesionales muy expertos y que atienden a un elevado volumen de pacientes de alta complejidad. La falta de homogeneidad en la creación y desarrollo de los programas de reperfusión en España ha llevado a grandes diferencias en su implantación. Si los programas de ICPp no se efectúan en condiciones adecuadas su sostenibilidad puede ser compleja. El presente documento, consensuado entre diferentes sociedades científicas, tiene por objetivos analizar la situación actual en España de los programas de atención en red al IAMCEST, identificar sus limitaciones y deficiencias, evaluar su vulnerabilidad y establecer una serie de recomendaciones para asegurar su sostenibilidad.

To the Editor, The management of chronic total coronary occlusions (CTO) has improved significantly over the last decade and reached success rates close to 85%-90% in contemporary registries.1 However, angiographically severe coronary calcifications are a common limitation of CTOs making revascularization more difficult.2 Intracoronary lithotripsy seems to be a safe and effective alternative for the management of severely calcified coronary lesions through the administration of pulsatile mechanical energy. This energy generates a pressure high enough to crack the intimal and medial calcium while minimizing mechanical damage to the remaining vascular tissues.3 We present the case of a 77 year-old-male with a CTO in the mid left anterior descending coronary artery who underwent elective percutaneous coronary intervention. The distal left anterior descending coronary artery received retrograde flow through the septal collaterals from the right coronary artery (figure 1A).

Sr. Editor: El tratamiento de las oclusiones totales crónicas (OTC) ha avanzado considerablemente en la última década, hasta alcanzar tasas de éxito en torno al 85-90% en los registros contemporáneos1. No obstante, la calcificación coronaria grave angiográfica constituye una limitación frecuente en las OTC que dificulta su revascularización2. La litotricia intracoronaria ha surgido como una alternativa efectiva y segura para el tratamiento de lesiones coronarias gravemente calcificadas, mediante la administración de ondas mecánicas pulsátiles que generan una elevada presión capaz de fracturar el calcio intimal y medial, y minimizan el daño mecánico al resto de los tejidos vasculares3. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 77 años con una OTC de la arteria descendente anterior media que se sometió a intervención coronaria percutánea electiva. La arteria descendente anterior distal recibía flujo retrógrado por colaterales septales desde la coronaria derecha (figura 1A).

Iodinated contrast media (CM) are the leading cause of acute renal failure of toxic origin. Between 21% and 50% of patients that receive them develop contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). All prophylactic measures used so far have failed to provide effective prevention. Since oxidative stress is involved in the damage, a possible preventive strategy could be the administration of antioxidant substances, such as quercetin. This compound has shown renoprotective effects in experimental studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether quercetin may be helpful in preventing CIN in patients undergoing coronary catheterization. A clinical phase II study was conducted. Patients were distributed in two groups, namely, CM (patients who only received contrast media) and CM+Q (patients who were pretreated with quercetin orally for 3−5 days). Results showed less incidence of CIN in the CM+Q group, possibly due to glomerular protection, evidenced by a lower increase in serum creatinine and albuminuria; and a lower decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Furthermore, in this group, the relative risk of developing CIN observed in patients that received a high dose of contrast media was inferior. In conclusion, this is the first study that demonstrates that quercetin is a promising safe candidate in preventing CIN.

We present the case of a patient with a high-output fistula between the right superficial femoral artery and femoral vein after left atrial appendage closure successfully treated with a PK-Papyrus covered coronary stent using a 6F guiding catheter. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time a PK-Papyrus coronary stent has been used in this setting. Resumo: Apresentamos o caso de um paciente com uma fístula de alto débito entre a artéria femoral superficial direita e a veia femoral, depois de uma oclusão do apêndice atrial esquerdo, tratada com êxito com um stent coronário recoberto PK-PAPYRUS usando um cateter 6 F. Até onde sabemos, esta é a primeira vez que o PK-PAPYRUS é o usado neste contexto. Keywords: Left atrial appendage, Arteriovenous fistula, Covered coronary stent, Palavras-chave: Apêndice atrial esquerdo, Fístula arteriovenosa, Stent coronário recoberto